Packaging is a general term for the process of quantifying, packing, and packaging products. It protects the product and makes it easy to transport, store, and sell. Food packaging should be practical and decorative to enhance and promote the product and attract consumers.
Types of Packaging Equipment
There are many types of packaging: according to different product sales targets, it can be divided into industrial packaging, commodity packaging, and military packaging; according to packaging function, it can be divided into inner packaging (including direct packaging and intermediate packaging) and outer packaging; According to the nature of the product, it can be divided into block packaging, granular packaging, powder packaging, liquid packaging, sauce packaging, etc.; according to the special requirements of the product, it can be divided into food packaging, moisture-proof packaging, fragile packaging, and packaging for hazardous goods. Packaging materials must be non-toxic and meet national health inspection requirements. There is also a need for easy access, and the packaging must resolve the conflict between sealing and easy access.
Inner packaging is the most basic form of packaging, including primary and secondary packaging. Primary packaging is a form of packaging where the object being packaged and the packaging material are in direct contact. Examples include candy wrappers, beverage bottles, laundry detergent bags, toothpaste tubes, and so on. Intermediate packaging is for repackaging directly packaged products according to specific quantities or patterns, such as packaging in bottles or bags and then in cartons, or combining cosmetic product packaging.
Outer packaging is to gather a quantity of products that have been internally packaged and repackage them for ease of transportation and storage. Outer packaging is mostly done in cardboard or wooden crates, with plastic or metal flat straps. Moisture-resistant items should be lined with plastic film, and impact-resistant items should be coated with foam plastic. The specifications, dimensions, and markings of the outer packaging must comply with the relevant national standards.
Main food packaging methods including bottling, canning, boxing, packaging, boxing, packaging, combination, etc., which can be selected according to product characteristics, storage and usage requirements, regional sales habits, and customer psychology. The same product can have various different packaging methods, such as hard shell, simple bulk packaging; large packaging, small packaging, family packaging; or bottling, canning, and packaging. To meet the needs of different sales objectives and different levels of consumers.
Composition of Packaging Equipment
The packaging machinery structure consists of three parts: the power section, the transmission section, and the execution section.
To facilitate the analysis and understanding of the working principles and structural characteristics of packaging machines, we next break down the three main components of packaging machines into eight aspects according to their functions, and call them the eight elements of packaging machines.
Quantitative feeding deviceLoad, measure, sort, and transport goods to the designated station.
Filter and feeding deviceCut or sort materials or packaging containers quantitatively and send them to the designated station.
Primary transmitter deviceA device that transports items and packaging materials from one station to the next in sequence. This device can be left at a single-station packaging machine.
Packaging execution deviceA device that directly performs packaging operations such as wrapping, filling, sealing, labeling, and assembly.
Finished product output deviceThis is a device that unloads packaged finished products from the packaging execution device and sends them out of the packaging machine.
Power unit and transmission deviceThe power machine is usually an electric motor. Transmission devices include reducers, transmission and conversion mechanisms for power and motion, and can take various forms such as mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electromagnetic, and optical.
Control deviceIt includes indicator and control devices for packaging speed, pressure, temperature, and action time; monitoring and control devices for packaging quantity and quality; and various automatic protection devices for the machine.
Body of the machineIt is used to support and adjust the relevant parts to maintain the specified working position and to provide certain protective functions for the machine. Its structure should be easy to operate and maintain, and its appearance should be as attractive as possible.
The figure is a block diagram of the packaging machine, showing the relationships among eight packaging machine elements. The double-lined arrows in the diagram represent the primary delivery system for packaging materials and packaging supplies, the single solid-line arrows represent transmission relationships, and the dashed-line arrows represent control relationships.
Conclusion
Packaging equipment is essential equipment in light industry production. It is widely used in the food production, daily necessities, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, stationery, toy, household appliance, and small hardware product industries, and is employed in the final processing stage. Poor packaging quality will seriously affect product quality and economic benefits.
Modern packaging equipment changes every day. It is rapidly evolving in terms of packaging speed, quality, types, and the mechanization and automation of packaging processes. Research and development of new packaging processes, the emergence of new manufacturing and packaging materials, as well as the invention and use of new technologies have made it possible to design and manufacture new, efficient, high-speed, and high-quality modern packaging machinery.
English 
Malay